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Models
Place This model is used to document any places associated with the archaeological survey. Institution This model is used to document any institution associated with the survey. Period This model is used to document the generic historical period assigned to the production of artefacts, existence of sites or other observable archaeological and historical events. Feature This model is used to document any physical features such as walls and other human-made structures observable on the field. Project This model is used to document the overarching project, a part of which is the archaeological survey. Some projects may involve surveys, excavations and other archaeoloigcal activities. Site This model is used to document a site declared as archaeological as a result of the survey process. Digital Object This model is used to document any type digital asset associated with the survey. Survey Unit This model is used to document a defined survey unit where the survey activity happens. It has both the properties of a place with dimensions and coordinates and of a physical thing, from which samples can be collected. Collection This model is used to document a collection of physical things, usually artefacts, collected while surveying. Artefact This model is used to document individual artifacts collected from while surveying as a part of a larger collection of material things or as a singular artefact collection or documentation. Image This model is used to document any image representing components of the archaeological survey, such as artefacts, features, places, people, etc. Observation This model is used to document the act of observation usually associated with archaeological sites or survey units and the properties assigned to those as a result of the observation. Bibliography This model is used to document any textual object associated with the survey or any components of it. Sample This model is used to document a material sample of the survey unit. It partially overlaps with collection but acts as a parent sample that may contain other physical things besides human-made objects. Person This model is used to document the document an individual person (alive or dead) involved in some way in the survey process.
Collection
Uncertainty Promise This collection of fields enables the documentation of the parameters involved in the offer of a promise for a physical thing - e.g. an artwork or built work - by one actor from another one, such as the time when it occurred, where it happened, who carried out the action and so on. Name This collection of fields enables the documentation of the names attributed to an entity. Sampling Unit This collection of fields enables the documentation of a discrete action of sampling. Joining Group This collection of fields enables the documentation of the parameters involved in the event of joining of a group by an individual such as the time it occurred, who was involved and so on. Curation This collection of fields enables the documentation of information describing the various parameters involved in the curation of a conceptual/abstract object. Such parameters typically include information such as actors involved, the location at which it took place, the method adopted in the curation and so on. Curation here has the sense of the maintenance and care of the conceptual object over time. Conceptual Object Removal from Collection This collection of fields enables the documentation of the parameters involved in the removal of some object - e.g. artwork or sample - to a set or collection of objects such as the time it occurred, where it happened, who carried out the production and so on. Survey Collection Transfer of Custody This collection of fields enables the documentation of the parameters involved in the transfer of custody of a physical thing - e.g. an artwork or built work - from one actor to another actor, such as the time it occurred, where it happened, who carried out the action and so on. Dissolution This collection of fields enables the documentation of the parameters involved in the event of dissolution of a group such as the time it occurred, who was involved and so on. Monetary Amount This collection of fields enables the documentation of the monetary value of a given object of documentation. Partial Content Unit Leaving Group This collection of fields enables the documentation of the parameters involved in the event of leaving of a group by an individual such as the time it occurred, who was involved and so on. Profession Object Date Professional Activity This collection of fields enables the documentation of the parameters involved in the professional activity of a person or group such as the time of its occurrence, its kind and so on. Type This collection of fields enables the documentation of the classifications attributed to an entity. Addition to Collection This collection of fields enables the documentation of the parameters involved in the addition of some object - e.g. artwork or sample - to a set or collection of objects such as the time it occurred, where it happened, who carried out the production and so on. Activity Object Inscription Finds Collection Biological Part Material This collection of fields enables the documentation of the materiality of which a physical object is constituted. Amount of Matter Linguistic Digital Reference Stratigraphic Relationship Observed Feature Gender This collection of fields enables the documentation of the gender of an actor. Annotating This collection of fields enables the documentation of the parameters involved in the digital annotation of an information object - e.g. visual work - such as the time it occurred, where it happened, who carried out the action and so on. Stratigraphically Related Stratigraphic Unit Digital Reference This collection of fields enables the documentation of digital reference information with regards to an object of documentation. Place Coordinate Digital Service This collection of fields enables the documentation a digital service that enables access to a digital object. Actor in Role Object Function Identifier This collection of fields enables the documentation of the identifiers attributed to an entity. Style This collection of fields enables the documentation of the style of a physical object. Documentation Excavation Carried Out Part Assignment Rights This collection of fields enables the documentation of rights that hold over a given legal object. Use Acquisition of Rights This collection of fields enables the documentation of the acquisition of rights over an object within the context of an overall activity such as a provenance activity. Finds Collection Part Confidential Statement Planning for Activity This collection of fields enables the documentation of an event involved in the planning for the creation of a particular thing. Object Task Nationality This collection of fields enables the documentation of the nationality of an actor. Production Bone Inclusions Acquisition This collection of fields enables the documentation of the parameters involved in the acquisition of legal title for a physical thing - e.g. an artwork or built work - by one actor from another one, such as the time when it occurred, where it happened, who carried out the action and so on. TimeSpan This collection of fields enables the documentation of temporal attributes, such as beginning and end dates, which have been attributed to an event. Bidding This collection of fields enables the documentation of an action of bidding on a particular item as part of an overall activity. Birth This collection of fields enables the documentation of the parameters involved in the birth of an individual such as the time it occurred, where it happened and so on. Source Reference This collection of fields enables the documentation of a source reference with regards to an object of documentation. Publication This collection of fields enables the documentation of the parameters involved in the publication of an information object - e.g. textual work or visual work - such as the time it occurred, where it happened, who carried out the production and so on. Depicted Site Encounter Event Shortcut Physical Carrier Payment This collection of fields enables the documentation of the parameters involved in the payment of money for a physical thing - e.g. an artwork or built work - from one actor to another one, such as the time when it occurred, where it happened, who carried out the action and so on. Statement This collection of fields enables the documentation of free text descriptions that have been written about an entity. Object Part Preferred Identifier Survey Activity Encountered Object Activity Part Production This collection of fields enables the documentation of the parameters involved in the production of a physical thing - e.g. artwork or built work - such as the time it occurred, where it happened, who carried out the production and so on. General Location Content Type Place Coordinate Encounter with Object This collection of fields enables the documentation of an encounter with an object at a particular moment in time as part of an overall activity such as a provenance event. Files This collection of fields enables the documentation of information regarding particular files (digital information carriers) which bear the information of a digital object and from which this information can be retrieved. Digital Reference Ethnicity Sample Collection Data Assignment This collection of fields enables the documentation of an action of attributing a piece of data to an object of documentation. Sample Modification This collection of fields enables the documentation of a modification event that has occurred to a physical object. Production through Removal This collection of fields enables the documentation of the parameters involved in the production of a physical thing through its removal from another object - e.g. a sample - such as the time it occurred, where it happened, who carried out the action and so on. Excavation Creation This collection of fields enables the documentation of information describing the various parameters involved in the creation of a conceptual/abstract object. Such parameters typically include information such as actors involved, the location at which it took place, the method adopted in the creation and so on. Creation here has the sense of the origination of the conceptual object for the first time. Artefact Inclusions Move This collection of fields enables the documentation of the parameters involved in the movement a physical thing - e.g. an artwork or built work - from one place to another one, such as the time when it occurred, where it happened, who carried out the action and so on. Object Parallel Physically Relationship Formation This collection of fields enables the documentation of the parameters involved in the event of formation of a group such as the time it occurred, who was involved and so on. Dimension This collection of fields enables the documentation of dimension information attributed to an entity. In particular, it allows the analytic description of measurement information relative to a documented entity. Destruction This collection of fields enables the documentation of the parameters involved in the destruction of a physical thing - e.g. artwork or built work - such as the time it occurred, where it happened, who carried out the production and so on. Observed Entities Part of Stratigraphic Volume Unit Collection Activity Part This collection of fields enables the documentation of a generic part of an overall activity. Physically Related Stratigraphic Unit Death This collection of fields enables the documentation of the parameters involved in the death of an individual such as the time it occurred, where it happened and so on. Observed Period Inclusions Material Sample Contact Point This collection of fields enables the documentation of information related to contact point data for a person or group. Digital Recording Survey

Semafora

Semafora

Models

KeyField Identifier Name Description System Name Ontology Scope Version Version Date Last Modified Author Funder Funding Project Ontology Project URI
SURM.16_Place
SURM.16
Place
This model is used to document any places associated with the archaeological survey.
Place
E53 Place
2025-08-04
Denitsa Nenova, George Bruseker, Martijn Van Leusen
University of Groenigen
surv
crmaaa_1.5.4, crm_7.1.1, crmsci_1.2.6, crmsurv_1.0.2, crmdig_3.2.1, la_0.9, crmarchaeo_1.4.1, crmgeo_1.2.1, crmpe_3.1.1, dc_1.1, rdfs_1.1
surv
http://takin.solutions/space/surv/composite/SURM.16
SURM.15_Institution
SURM.15
Institution
This model is used to document any institution associated with the survey.
Institution
E74 Group
2026-06-11
Denitsa Nenova, George Bruseker, Martijn Van Leusen
University of Groenigen
surv
crmaaa_1.5.4, crm_7.1.1, crmsci_1.2.6, crmsurv_1.0.2, crmdig_3.2.1, la_0.9, crmarchaeo_1.4.1, crmgeo_1.2.1, crmpe_3.1.1, dc_1.1, rdfs_1.1
surv
http://takin.solutions/space/surv/composite/SURM.15
SURM.7_Period
SURM.7
Period
This model is used to document the generic historical period assigned to the production of artefacts, existence of sites or other observable archaeological and historical events.
Period
E4 Period
2025-08-04
Denitsa Nenova, George Bruseker, Martijn Van Leusen
University of Groenigen
surv
crmaaa_1.5.4, crm_7.1.1, crmsci_1.2.6, crmsurv_1.0.2, crmdig_3.2.1, la_0.9, crmarchaeo_1.4.1, crmgeo_1.2.1, crmpe_3.1.1, dc_1.1, rdfs_1.1
surv
http://takin.solutions/space/surv/composite/SURM.7
SURM.8_Feature
SURM.8
Feature
This model is used to document any physical features such as walls and other human-made structures observable on the field.
Feature
E25 Human-Made Feature
2026-06-13
Denitsa Nenova, George Bruseker, Martijn Van Leusen
University of Groenigen
surv
crmaaa_1.5.4, crm_7.1.1, crmsci_1.2.6, crmsurv_1.0.2, crmdig_3.2.1, la_0.9, crmarchaeo_1.4.1, crmgeo_1.2.1, crmpe_3.1.1, dc_1.1, rdfs_1.1
surv
http://takin.solutions/space/surv/composite/SURM.8
SURM.12_Project
SURM.12
Project
This model is used to document the overarching project, a part of which is the archaeological survey. Some projects may involve surveys, excavations and other archaeoloigcal activities.
Project
PE35 Project
2025-08-04
Denitsa Nenova, George Bruseker, Martijn Van Leusen
University of Groenigen
surv
crmaaa_1.5.4, crm_7.1.1, crmsci_1.2.6, crmsurv_1.0.2, crmdig_3.2.1, la_0.9, crmarchaeo_1.4.1, crmgeo_1.2.1, crmpe_3.1.1, dc_1.1, rdfs_1.1
surv
http://takin.solutions/space/surv/composite/SURM.12
SURM.10_Site
SURM.10
Site
This model is used to document a site declared as archaeological as a result of the survey process.
Site
E27 Site
2025-08-04
Denitsa Nenova, George Bruseker, Martijn Van Leusen
University of Groenigen
surv
crmaaa_1.5.4, crm_7.1.1, crmsci_1.2.6, crmsurv_1.0.2, crmdig_3.2.1, la_0.9, crmarchaeo_1.4.1, crmgeo_1.2.1, crmpe_3.1.1, dc_1.1, rdfs_1.1
surv
http://takin.solutions/space/surv/composite/SURM.10
SURM.4_Digital Object
SURM.4
Digital Object
This model is used to document any type digital asset associated with the survey.
Digital_Object
D1 Digital Object
2025-08-04
Denitsa Nenova, George Bruseker, Martijn Van Leusen
University of Groenigen
surv
crmaaa_1.5.4, crm_7.1.1, crmsci_1.2.6, crmsurv_1.0.2, crmdig_3.2.1, la_0.9, crmarchaeo_1.4.1, crmgeo_1.2.1, crmpe_3.1.1, dc_1.1, rdfs_1.1
surv
http://takin.solutions/space/surv/composite/SURM.4
SURM.1_Survey Unit
SURM.1
Survey Unit
This model is used to document a defined survey unit where the survey activity happens. It has both the properties of a place with dimensions and coordinates and of a physical thing, from which samples can be collected.
Survey Unit
U4 Survey Surface Unit
2025-08-04
Denitsa Nenova, George Bruseker, Martijn Van Leusen
University of Groenigen
surv
crmaaa_1.5.4, crm_7.1.1, crmsci_1.2.6, crmsurv_1.0.2, crmdig_3.2.1, la_0.9, crmarchaeo_1.4.1, crmgeo_1.2.1, crmpe_3.1.1, dc_1.1, rdfs_1.1
surv
http://takin.solutions/space/surv/composite/SURM.1
SURM.5_Collection
SURM.5
Collection
This model is used to document a collection of physical things, usually artefacts, collected while surveying.
Collection
U6 Material Sample
2026-06-13
Denitsa Nenova, George Bruseker, Martijn Van Leusen
University of Groenigen
surv
crmaaa_1.5.4, crm_7.1.1, crmsci_1.2.6, crmsurv_1.0.2, crmdig_3.2.1, la_0.9, crmarchaeo_1.4.1, crmgeo_1.2.1, crmpe_3.1.1, dc_1.1, rdfs_1.1
surv
http://takin.solutions/space/surv/composite/SURM.5
SURM.6_Artefact
SURM.6
Artefact
This model is used to document individual artifacts collected from while surveying as a part of a larger collection of material things or as a singular artefact collection or documentation.
Artefact
E22 Human-Made Object
2025-08-04
Denitsa Nenova, George Bruseker, Martijn Van Leusen
University of Groenigen
surv
crmaaa_1.5.4, crm_7.1.1, crmsci_1.2.6, crmsurv_1.0.2, crmdig_3.2.1, la_0.9, crmarchaeo_1.4.1, crmgeo_1.2.1, crmpe_3.1.1, dc_1.1, rdfs_1.1
surv
http://takin.solutions/space/surv/composite/SURM.6
SURM.9_Image
SURM.9
Image
This model is used to document any image representing components of the archaeological survey, such as artefacts, features, places, people, etc.
Image
D1 Digital Object
2025-08-04
Denitsa Nenova, George Bruseker, Martijn Van Leusen
University of Groenigen
surv
crmaaa_1.5.4, crm_7.1.1, crmsci_1.2.6, crmsurv_1.0.2, crmdig_3.2.1, la_0.9, crmarchaeo_1.4.1, crmgeo_1.2.1, crmpe_3.1.1, dc_1.1, rdfs_1.1
surv
http://takin.solutions/space/surv/composite/SURM.9
SURM.11_Observation
SURM.11
Observation
This model is used to document the act of observation usually associated with archaeological sites or survey units and the properties assigned to those as a result of the observation.
Observation
S4 Observation
2025-08-04
Denitsa Nenova, George Bruseker, Martijn Van Leusen
University of Groenigen
surv
crmaaa_1.5.4, crm_7.1.1, crmsci_1.2.6, crmsurv_1.0.2, crmdig_3.2.1, la_0.9, crmarchaeo_1.4.1, crmgeo_1.2.1, crmpe_3.1.1, dc_1.1, rdfs_1.1
surv
http://takin.solutions/space/surv/composite/SURM.11
SURM.13_Bibliography
SURM.13
Bibliography
This model is used to document any textual object associated with the survey or any components of it.
Bibliography
E33 Linguistic Object
2025-08-04
Denitsa Nenova, George Bruseker, Martijn Van Leusen
University of Groenigen
surv
crmaaa_1.5.4, crm_7.1.1, crmsci_1.2.6, crmsurv_1.0.2, crmdig_3.2.1, la_0.9, crmarchaeo_1.4.1, crmgeo_1.2.1, crmpe_3.1.1, dc_1.1, rdfs_1.1
surv
http://takin.solutions/space/surv/composite/SURM.13
SURM.14_Sample
SURM.14
Sample
This model is used to document a material sample of the survey unit. It partially overlaps with collection but acts as a parent sample that may contain other physical things besides human-made objects.
Sample
U6 Material Sample
2025-08-04
Denitsa Nenova, George Bruseker, Martijn Van Leusen
University of Groenigen
surv
crmaaa_1.5.4, crm_7.1.1, crmsci_1.2.6, crmsurv_1.0.2, crmdig_3.2.1, la_0.9, crmarchaeo_1.4.1, crmgeo_1.2.1, crmpe_3.1.1, dc_1.1, rdfs_1.1
surv
http://takin.solutions/space/surv/composite/SURM.14
SURM.2_Person
SURM.2
Person
This model is used to document the document an individual person (alive or dead) involved in some way in the survey process.
Person
E21 Person
2026-06-11
Denitsa Nenova, George Bruseker, Martijn Van Leusen
University of Groenigen
surv
crmaaa_1.5.4, crm_7.1.1, crmsci_1.2.6, crmsurv_1.0.2, crmdig_3.2.1, la_0.9, crmarchaeo_1.4.1, crmgeo_1.2.1, crmpe_3.1.1, dc_1.1, rdfs_1.1
surv
http://takin.solutions/space/surv/composite/SURM.2