Bibliographic Item

Derivative Generators

Attributes

Count
KeyField	GRPM.8_Bibliographic_Item
Identifier	GRPM.8
Name	Bibliographic Item
Description	The bibliographic item reference data model provides a list of standard fields that are often found present in the general description of a bibliographic item. The scope of this reference model is the bibliographic item as information object and pointer to real world instances of the publication; this model aims to provide a streamlined list of common descriptors for a bibliographic item and not a complete representation of all aspects of a real bibliographic record. Rather, we are interested here in representing the types of information that are typically gathered by scholars relative to a publication in their creation of bibliographies for use in scholarship and used as the basis for citations. This reference model aims to remain at a general level description, providing a consolidated, high level reference data model of most commonly reused descriptors for a bibliographic item as such and to provide for these in turn a set of standard semantic mappings to the CIDOC CRM. Moreover, each field is marked with regards to its potential functionality with regards to instance matching between overlapping datasets.
System Name	Bibliographic_Item
Ontology Scope	E33 Linguistic Object
Version	2.0
Version Date
Last Modified	2025-12-19
Author	Matthew Fielding, Denitsa Nenova, George Bruseker
Funder	University of Zurich, SARI
Funding Project	grp_zurich
Ontology	crm_7.1.3, cpro_2.0, dcterms_1.1, aaao_2.0, crmdig_4.0, la_0.9, lrmoo_1.0, rdfs_1.1
Project	grp_zurich
URI	http://takin.solutions/space/grpzurich/composite/GRPM.8

Ontology Graph

Instance Graph

Turtle RDF

                            @prefix aaao: <https://ontology.swissartresearch.net/aaao/> .
@prefix crm: <http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .

<https://grp.example/model/bibliographic_item> a crm:E33_Linguistic_Object ;
    crm:P02i_is_range_of <https://example.swissartresearch.net/reified_property/SRDF.364_1> ;
    crm:P106i_forms_part_of <https://example.swissartresearch.net/conceptual_object/394_1> ;
    crm:P16i_was_used_for <https://example.swissartresearch.net/event/396_1> ;
    crm:P1_is_identified_by <https://example.swissartresearch.net/conceptual_object/4_1>,
        <https://example.swissartresearch.net/conceptual_object/8_1> ;
    crm:P2_has_type <https://example.swissartresearch.net/type/11_1> ;
    crm:P43_has_dimension <https://example.swissartresearch.net/dimension/98_1>,
        <https://example.swissartresearch.net/dimension/SRDF.344_1> ;
    crm:P67i_is_referred_to_by <https://example.swissartresearch.net/conceptual_object/13_1> ;
    crm:P72_has_language <https://example.swissartresearch.net/type/389_1> .

<http://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300311705> a crm:E55_Type ;
    rdfs:label "citation (bibliographic reference)" .

<https://example.swissartresearch.net/actor/SRDF.140_2> a crm:E39_Actor .

<https://example.swissartresearch.net/conceptual_object/13_1> a crm:E33_Linguistic_Object ;
    crm:P190_has_symbolic_content "Statement_string_content" ;
    crm:P2_has_type <https://example.swissartresearch.net/type/14_1> .

<https://example.swissartresearch.net/conceptual_object/394_1> a crm:E33_Linguistic_Object .

<https://example.swissartresearch.net/conceptual_object/4_1> a crm:E33_E41_Linguistic_Appellation ;
    crm:P106_is_composed_of <https://example.swissartresearch.net/conceptual_object/500_1> ;
    crm:P190_has_symbolic_content "name_content_value" ;
    crm:P2_has_type <https://example.swissartresearch.net/type/5_1> ;
    crm:P72_has_language <https://example.swissartresearch.net/type/7_1> ;
    aaao:ZP6i_is_appellation_ascribed_by <https://example.swissartresearch.net/institutional_fact/SRDF.323_1> .

<https://example.swissartresearch.net/conceptual_object/500_1> a crm:E33_E41_Linguistic_Appellation .

<https://example.swissartresearch.net/conceptual_object/8_1> a crm:E42_Identifier ;
    crm:P190_has_symbolic_content "Identifier_value_content" ;
    crm:P2_has_type <https://example.swissartresearch.net/identifier/9_1> .

<https://example.swissartresearch.net/conceptual_object/SRDF.364_2> a crm:E33_Linguistic_Object .

<https://example.swissartresearch.net/dimension/98_1> a crm:E54_Dimension ;
    crm:P2_has_type <https://example.swissartresearch.net/type/104_1> ;
    crm:P90_has_value "integer" ;
    crm:P91_has_unit <https://example.swissartresearch.net/type/99_1> .

<https://example.swissartresearch.net/dimension/SRDF.344_1> a crm:E54_Dimension .

<https://example.swissartresearch.net/event/396_1> a crm:E7_Activity ;
    crm:P01i_is_domain_of <https://example.swissartresearch.net/property/SRDF.140_1> ;
    crm:P4_has_time-span <https://example.swissartresearch.net/time_span/400_1> ;
    crm:P7_took_place_at <https://example.swissartresearch.net/place/407_1> .

<https://example.swissartresearch.net/identifier/9_1> a crm:E55_Type .

<https://example.swissartresearch.net/institutional_fact/SRDF.323_1> a aaao:ZE2_Appellative_Status ;
    crm:P4_has_time-span <https://example.swissartresearch.net/time_span/SRDF.323_2> .

<https://example.swissartresearch.net/place/407_1> a crm:E53_Place .

<https://example.swissartresearch.net/property/SRDF.140_1> a crm:PC14_carried_out_by ;
    crm:P02_has_range <https://example.swissartresearch.net/actor/SRDF.140_2> ;
    crm:P14.1_in_the_role_of <https://example.swissartresearch.net/type/SRDF.141_1> .

<https://example.swissartresearch.net/reified_property/SRDF.364_1> a crm:PC67_refers_to ;
    crm:P01_has_domain <https://example.swissartresearch.net/conceptual_object/SRDF.364_2> ;
    crm:P67.1_has_type <http://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300311705> .

<https://example.swissartresearch.net/time_span/400_1> a crm:E52_Time-Span .

<https://example.swissartresearch.net/time_span/SRDF.323_2> a crm:E52_Time-Span .

<https://example.swissartresearch.net/type/104_1> a crm:E55_Type .

<https://example.swissartresearch.net/type/11_1> a crm:E55_Type .

<https://example.swissartresearch.net/type/14_1> a crm:E55_Type .

<https://example.swissartresearch.net/type/389_1> a crm:E56_Language .

<https://example.swissartresearch.net/type/5_1> a crm:E55_Type .

<https://example.swissartresearch.net/type/7_1> a crm:E56_Language .

<https://example.swissartresearch.net/type/99_1> a crm:E58_Measurement_Unit .

<https://example.swissartresearch.net/type/SRDF.141_1> a crm:E55_Type .

JSON-LD

Samples

Bibliographic Item	Bibliographic Item Label

Fields

[CAT.1] Names and Identifiers

Field Collection	Identifier	Name	Description	Ontology Path	Expected Value Type	Expected Collection	Set Value
Name	LAF.6	Name	This field is used to record the string value of the name attributed to the documented bibliographic item.	->crm:P1_is_identified_by->crm:E33_E41_Linguistic_Appellation[4_1]->crm:P190_has_symbolic_content->rdf:literal	String
Name	LAF.5	Name Type	This field is used to record the type of the name attributed to the documented bibliographic item.	->crm:P1_is_identified_by->crm:E33_E41_Linguistic_Appellation[4_1]->crm:P2_has_type->crm:E55_Type[5_1]	Concept		http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300404670
Name	LAF.7	Name Language	This field is used to record the language of the name attributed to the documented bibliographic item.	->crm:P1_is_identified_by->crm:E33_E41_Linguistic_Appellation[4_1]->crm:P72_has_language->crm:E56_Language[7_1]	Concept
Name	LAF.500	Name Part	This field is used to link the documented name of a bibliographic item to its relevant name part.	->crm:P1_is_identified_by->crm:E33_E41_Linguistic_Appellation[4_1]->crm:P106_is_composed_of->crm:E33_E41_Linguistic_Appellation[500_1]	Collection	Name
Name	SRDF.323	Name Use Timespan	This field is used to link the documented name use to an instance of time-span recording the temporal extent of the activity.	->crm:P1_is_identified_by->crm:E33_E41_Linguistic_Appellation[4_1]->aaao:ZP6i_is_appellation_ascribed_by->aaao:ZE2_Appellative_Status[SRDF.323_1]->crm:P4_has_time-span->crm:E52_Time-Span[SRDF.323_2]	Collection	Timespan
Identifier	LAF.10	Identifier	This field is used to record an identifier attributed to the documented bibliographic item.	->crm:P1_is_identified_by->crm:E42_Identifier[8_1]->crm:P190_has_symbolic_content->rdf:literal	String
Identifier	LAF.9	Identifier Type	This field is used to record the type of the identifier attributed to the documented bibliographic item.	->crm:P1_is_identified_by->crm:E42_Identifier[8_1]->crm:P2_has_type->crm:E55_Type[9_1]	Concept

Ontology Graph

Instance Graph

Turtle RDF

                    @prefix aaao: <https://ontology.swissartresearch.net/aaao/> .
@prefix crm: <http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/> .

<https://grp.example/model/bibliographic_item> a crm:E33_Linguistic_Object ;
    crm:P1_is_identified_by <https://example.swissartresearch.net/conceptual_object/4_1>,
        <https://example.swissartresearch.net/conceptual_object/8_1> .

<https://example.swissartresearch.net/conceptual_object/4_1> a crm:E33_E41_Linguistic_Appellation ;
    crm:P106_is_composed_of <https://example.swissartresearch.net/conceptual_object/500_1> ;
    crm:P190_has_symbolic_content "name_content_value" ;
    crm:P2_has_type <https://example.swissartresearch.net/type/5_1> ;
    crm:P72_has_language <https://example.swissartresearch.net/type/7_1> ;
    aaao:ZP6i_is_appellation_ascribed_by <https://example.swissartresearch.net/institutional_fact/SRDF.323_1> .

<https://example.swissartresearch.net/conceptual_object/500_1> a crm:E33_E41_Linguistic_Appellation .

<https://example.swissartresearch.net/conceptual_object/8_1> a crm:E42_Identifier ;
    crm:P190_has_symbolic_content "Identifier_value_content" ;
    crm:P2_has_type <https://example.swissartresearch.net/identifier/9_1> .

<https://example.swissartresearch.net/identifier/9_1> a crm:E55_Type .

<https://example.swissartresearch.net/institutional_fact/SRDF.323_1> a aaao:ZE2_Appellative_Status ;
    crm:P4_has_time-span <https://example.swissartresearch.net/time_span/SRDF.323_2> .

<https://example.swissartresearch.net/time_span/SRDF.323_2> a crm:E52_Time-Span .

<https://example.swissartresearch.net/type/5_1> a crm:E55_Type .

<https://example.swissartresearch.net/type/7_1> a crm:E56_Language .

JSON-LD

Name: Sample

Subject	Name Use Timespan	Name Type	Name	Name Language	Name Part
Count:

Identifier: Sample

Subject	Identifier	Identifier Type
Count:

[CAT.16] Classification

Field Collection	Identifier	Name	Description	Ontology Path	Expected Value Type	Expected Collection	Set Value	Expected Model
Type	LAF.11	Type	This field is used to record the formal type of the documented bibliographic item.	->crm:P2_has_type->crm:E55_Type[11_1]	Concept

Ontology Graph

Instance Graph

Turtle RDF

                    @prefix crm: <http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/> .

<https://grp.example/model/bibliographic_item> a crm:E33_Linguistic_Object ;
    crm:P2_has_type <https://example.swissartresearch.net/type/11_1> .

<https://example.swissartresearch.net/type/11_1> a crm:E55_Type .

JSON-LD

Type: Sample

Subject	Type
Count:

[CAT.2] Existence

Field Collection	Identifier	Name	Description	Ontology Path	Expected Value Type	Expected Collection	Set Value	Expected Model
Publication	LAF.400	Publication Timespan	This field is used to link the documented bibliographic item activity to an instance of time-span recording the temporal extent of the activity.	->crm:P16i_was_used_for->crm:E7_Activity[396_1]->crm:P4_has_time-span->crm:E52_Time-Span[400_1]	Collection	Timespan
Publication	LAF.407	Publication Location	This field is used to record the place of the bibliographic item of the documented bibliographic item.	->crm:P16i_was_used_for->crm:E7_Activity[396_1]->crm:P7_took_place_at->crm:E53_Place[407_1]	Reference Model			Place
Publication	SRDF.140	Publication Actor	This field is used to record authors, contributors and other producers of the content of the bibliographic item.	->crm:P16i_was_used_for->crm:E7_Activity[396_1]->crm:P01i_is_domain_of->crm:PC14_carried_out_by[SRDF.140_1]->crm:P02_has_range->crm:E39_Actor[SRDF.140_2]	Reference Model			Person , Group
Publication	SRDF.141	Publication Actor Role	This field is used to record the role of the author, contributor and other producers of content of the bibliographic item.	->crm:P16i_was_used_for->crm:E7_Activity[396_1]->crm:P01i_is_domain_of->crm:PC14_carried_out_by[SRDF.140_1]->crm:P14.1_in_the_role_of->crm:E55_Type[SRDF.141_1]	Concept		https://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300386627

Ontology Graph

Instance Graph

Turtle RDF

                    @prefix crm: <http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/> .

<https://grp.example/model/bibliographic_item> a crm:E33_Linguistic_Object ;
    crm:P16i_was_used_for <https://example.swissartresearch.net/event/396_1> .

<https://example.swissartresearch.net/actor/SRDF.140_2> a crm:E39_Actor .

<https://example.swissartresearch.net/event/396_1> a crm:E7_Activity ;
    crm:P01i_is_domain_of <https://example.swissartresearch.net/property/SRDF.140_1> ;
    crm:P4_has_time-span <https://example.swissartresearch.net/time_span/400_1> ;
    crm:P7_took_place_at <https://example.swissartresearch.net/place/407_1> .

<https://example.swissartresearch.net/place/407_1> a crm:E53_Place .

<https://example.swissartresearch.net/property/SRDF.140_1> a crm:PC14_carried_out_by ;
    crm:P02_has_range <https://example.swissartresearch.net/actor/SRDF.140_2> ;
    crm:P14.1_in_the_role_of <https://example.swissartresearch.net/type/SRDF.141_1> .

<https://example.swissartresearch.net/time_span/400_1> a crm:E52_Time-Span .

<https://example.swissartresearch.net/type/SRDF.141_1> a crm:E55_Type .

JSON-LD

Publication: Sample

Subject	Timespan for Publication Event	Publication Actor	Publication Actor Role	Location of Publication Event
Count:

[CAT.3] Substance

Field Collection	Identifier	Name	Description	Ontology Path	Expected Value Type	Expected Collection	Set Value
Dimension	SRDF.344	Number of Pages	This field is used to link the documented bibliographic item to its dimensions, physical or otherwise.	->crm:P43_has_dimension->crm:E54_Dimension[SRDF.344_1]	Collection	Dimension
Dimension	LAF.101	Dimension Value	This field is used to record the value for the documented bibliographic item of dimension.	->crm:P43_has_dimension->crm:E54_Dimension[98_1]->crm:P90_has_value->rdf:literal	Integer
Dimension	LAF.99	Dimension Unit	This field is used to record the unit for the documented bibliographic item of dimension.	->crm:P43_has_dimension->crm:E54_Dimension[98_1]->crm:P91_has_unit->crm:E58_Measurement_Unit[99_1]	Concept		http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300445022
Dimension	LAF.104	Dimension Type	This field is used to record the formal type of the documented bibliographic item's dimension.	->crm:P43_has_dimension->crm:E54_Dimension[98_1]->crm:P2_has_type->crm:E55_Type[104_1]	Concept		http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300404433
	LAF.389	Language	This field is used to link the documented linguistic bibliographic item to the language in which it is expressed.	->crm:P72_has_language->crm:E56_Language[389_1]	Concept

Ontology Graph

Instance Graph

Turtle RDF

                    @prefix crm: <http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/> .

<https://grp.example/model/bibliographic_item> a crm:E33_Linguistic_Object ;
    crm:P43_has_dimension <https://example.swissartresearch.net/dimension/98_1>,
        <https://example.swissartresearch.net/dimension/SRDF.344_1> ;
    crm:P72_has_language <https://example.swissartresearch.net/type/389_1> .

<https://example.swissartresearch.net/dimension/98_1> a crm:E54_Dimension ;
    crm:P2_has_type <https://example.swissartresearch.net/type/104_1> ;
    crm:P90_has_value "integer" ;
    crm:P91_has_unit <https://example.swissartresearch.net/type/99_1> .

<https://example.swissartresearch.net/dimension/SRDF.344_1> a crm:E54_Dimension .

<https://example.swissartresearch.net/type/104_1> a crm:E55_Type .

<https://example.swissartresearch.net/type/389_1> a crm:E56_Language .

<https://example.swissartresearch.net/type/99_1> a crm:E58_Measurement_Unit .

JSON-LD

Dimension: Sample

Subject	Dimension Value	Dimension Type	Dimension Unit	Dimensions
Count:

Text Language: Sample

Subject	Text Language
Count:

[CAT.9] Parthood

Field Collection	Identifier	Name	Description	Ontology Path	Expected Value Type	Expected Collection	Set Value	Expected Model
	LAF.394	Part of Publication	This field is used to record a bibliographic item of which the documented bibliographic item is a part such as the relation between a chapter and a book, an article and a journal issue etc.	->crm:P106i_forms_part_of->crm:E33_Linguistic_Object[394_1]	Reference Model			Bibliographic Item

Ontology Graph

Instance Graph

Turtle RDF

                    @prefix crm: <http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/> .

<https://grp.example/model/bibliographic_item> a crm:E33_Linguistic_Object ;
    crm:P106i_forms_part_of <https://example.swissartresearch.net/conceptual_object/394_1> .

<https://example.swissartresearch.net/conceptual_object/394_1> a crm:E33_Linguistic_Object .

JSON-LD

Part of Text: Sample

Subject	Part of Text
Count:

[CAT.12] Aboutness

Field Collection	Identifier	Name	Description	Ontology Path	Expected Value Type	Expected Collection	Set Value	Expected Model
Overall Citation Type PC	SRDF.364	Overall Citation	This field is used to link to a bibliographic item which serves as a citation for the documented bibliographic item.	->crm:P02i_is_range_of->crm:PC67_refers_to[SRDF.364_1]->crm:P01_has_domain->crm:E33_Linguistic_Object[SRDF.364_2]	Reference Model			Bibliographic Item
Overall Citation Type PC	SRDF.365	Overall Citation Type	This field is used to link to a type record which indicates the kind of reference supported by the linguistic object that serves as a citation for the documented bibliographic item.	->crm:P02i_is_range_of->crm:PC67_refers_to[SRDF.364_1]->crm:P67.1_has_type->crm:E55_Type[SRDF.365_1]	Concept		http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300311705

Ontology Graph

Instance Graph

Turtle RDF

                    @prefix crm: <http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .

<https://grp.example/model/bibliographic_item> a crm:E33_Linguistic_Object ;
    crm:P02i_is_range_of <https://example.swissartresearch.net/reified_property/SRDF.364_1> .

<http://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300311705> a crm:E55_Type ;
    rdfs:label "citation (bibliographic reference)" .

<https://example.swissartresearch.net/conceptual_object/SRDF.364_2> a crm:E33_Linguistic_Object .

<https://example.swissartresearch.net/reified_property/SRDF.364_1> a crm:PC67_refers_to ;
    crm:P01_has_domain <https://example.swissartresearch.net/conceptual_object/SRDF.364_2> ;
    crm:P67.1_has_type <http://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300311705> .

JSON-LD

Overall Citation Type PC: Sample

Subject	Overall Citation	Overall Citation Type
Count:

[CAT.13] Description

Field Collection	Identifier	Name	Description	Ontology Path	Expected Value Type	Expected Collection	Set Value	Expected Model
Statement	LAF.15	Statement Content	This field is used to link to a statement which describes the the documented bibliographic item.	->crm:P67i_is_referred_to_by->crm:E33_Linguistic_Object[13_1]->crm:P190_has_symbolic_content->rdf:literal	String
Statement	LAF.14	Statement Type	This field is used to record the formal type of the statement made about the documented bibliographic item.	->crm:P67i_is_referred_to_by->crm:E33_Linguistic_Object[13_1]->crm:P2_has_type->crm:E55_Type[14_1]	Concept

Ontology Graph

Instance Graph

Turtle RDF

                    @prefix crm: <http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/> .

<https://grp.example/model/bibliographic_item> a crm:E33_Linguistic_Object ;
    crm:P67i_is_referred_to_by <https://example.swissartresearch.net/conceptual_object/13_1> .

<https://example.swissartresearch.net/conceptual_object/13_1> a crm:E33_Linguistic_Object ;
    crm:P190_has_symbolic_content "Statement_string_content" ;
    crm:P2_has_type <https://example.swissartresearch.net/type/14_1> .

<https://example.swissartresearch.net/type/14_1> a crm:E55_Type .

JSON-LD

Statement: Sample

Subject	Statement Type	Statement
Count: